Beginners Skoolie Guide: What's the best used bus for a ...

If the thought of finding your bus is overwhelming, or if converting it yourself seems daunting, Paved To Pines is a full-service conversion shop. We will help you find the bus as well as arrange transportation to our shop, design your layout, build your entire skoolie, and ship it back to you! Contact us to get started.

Our First Skoolie, Judy

What are the Different Types of School Buses You Can Convert?

This can be a tricky road to navigate. Everyone has their own opinions, experiences, and ideas. Below are the experiences, research, and information we’ve gathered over the years at Paved To Pines while conducting our custom school bus conversions.

There are notable differences in the types of buses you can convert. Some differences are apparent when you look at the bus, while others are more subtle and may only be revealed through experience or knowledge. The major differences will be evident when designing various layouts for your skoolie.

The main choices are typically a flat nose and a dog-nose bus.

Short buses only come in the conventional body style since they are typically truck cutoffs with a fiberglass addition. We won’t cover short buses in this blog, but if you would like us to provide more information on them, let us know in the comments.

Flat-nose (or Transit-style) buses only come in larger sizes.

The Type of School Bus You Buy Will Directly Affect Your Skoolie Layout Options.

Below, you’ll notice a few key considerations in green that are crucial during the building of your skoolie layout. The wheel wells in the front and back of your bus can present challenges and need to be taken into account.

In a conventional skoolie conversion, front-wheel wells are non-existent, but this means you have less overall room for your conversion.

In flat-nose buses, the front wheel wells are right in your way, but you do gain an additional 4-5 feet of usable space in your skoolie.

Image credit: Buslandia

In our conversions, we typically install a couch over the passenger side wheel well and create an entertainment area or additional seating above the driver-side wheel well in most buses, which is an excellent way to utilize space effectively. Moreover, in a conventional bus, having no wheel wells allows even more storage space beneath the couches in the front.

Dog-nose VS Flat-nose

These buses are alternately referred to as Conventional Buses/Type C vs Transit Buses/Type D.

Let’s break this down further, as there is more to this than just layouts and aesthetics. Although your skoolie layout is likely the most critical part of your conversion process,

Dog-nose skoolie summary:

The classic school bus skoolie. If you want people to recognize it as a school bus camper or prefer the classic school bus conversion appearance, this is a clear choice. Personally, I find this option the least favorable from a conversion standpoint for two major reasons: less conversion space and I prefer the flat-nose appearance, which resembles a Class A RV/motorhome more closely.

Pros:

• Bigger approach angle than the other bus styles.
• Only two rear wheel wells to deal with.
• Easily access the engine bay from the outside.
• Access to the rear garage area beneath the bedroom.

Cons:

• Large departure angle.
• Significantly reduced interior square footage for usable conversion space.
• Higher likelihood of being rejected at some RV parks due to the school bus appearance.
• Reduced visibility from the dog-nose front.

Front Engine Flat-Nose & Rear Engine Flat-Nose Skoolies

There are several options when it comes to flat-nose school buses. Some buses may have the engine in the front (FE), while others might have it in the rear (RE). When the engine is in the back of the bus, it’s known as a pusher. These rear-engine school buses generally have larger, more powerful engines and are only found in buses that are 35-40 feet long.

Both flat-nose styles offer pros and cons for a skoolie conversion that not only influence your layout but also drivability, engine noise, and heat while driving, etc.

Front Engine Flat-Nose Skoolies

The flat-nose front-engine school bus is essentially a hybrid of the pusher and conventional bus, incorporating features from both. The greatest difference is that it offers more usable floor plan space than a conventional bus.

Pros:

• More space for your layout than a conventional skoolie of the same length.
• Excellent visibility with the flat nose.
• Looks more like a Class A RV than a skoolie, so you won’t attract unwanted attention or be turned away by some RV parks (while this can happen, it occurs less frequently with flat-nose buses).
• Door at the front of the bus optimizes layout space.
• Access to the rear garage area under the bedroom.
• Add aluminum storage boxes between the wheel wells for additional storage.
• Exceptional handling with a shorter wheelbase.

Cons:

• Long departure angle, similar to conventional school buses.
• Worse approach angle than conventional buses.
• Hot and noisy while driving since the engine is adjacent to the driver.
• Engine bay is located inside the bus which may lead to a messier interior during maintenance.

Rear Engine Transit Bus Skoolies

We saved the best bus for last, in our opinion. Diesel pusher school buses have become a popular chassis choice for skoolies due to a few reasons.

Sometimes you can find these buses equipped with larger engines (such as the 8.3L Cummins); they are quieter, and you can design your bed around the engine bay while still having ample storage space and keeping the front of the bus wide open without an engine bay obstructing the layout.

Moreover, many of these bus styles feature through-bay underbelly compartments, which are invaluable for school bus conversions, as they can house extensive storage or systems. We often run a heat duct down into this underbelly space to store our water and electrical systems, making room inside the bus and keeping the gray tank more insulated for year-round use.

Pros:

• Can have larger engines (like the 8.3L Cummins).
• Quiet while driving.
• Underbelly garage/storage compartments.
• Excellent visibility with the flat nose.
• Looks more like a Class A RV than a skoolie, resulting in fewer complications in RV parks (although this does happen occasionally with flat-nose buses).
• As shown in the images, it has a better departure angle than conventional and FE skoolies.
• Door at the front optimizes layout space.
• Engine is located at the back where your bed will be, allowing more space at the front for living arrangements.
• Some of these buses come in a style different from a traditional school bus and feature larger, wider windows.
• Longer wheelbase for a smoother ride.
• Increased space for your floor plan/layout than a conventional skoolie of the same length.

Cons:

• Having the engine at the back means there’s no rear garage option (though you do have underbelly storage).
• Lower ground clearance due to underbelly storage (you shouldn’t be navigating off-road with a school bus anyway).
• Four wheel wells to build around.
• Worse approach angle than conventional buses.

We prefer the transit-style bus for several reasons: they generally have a higher GVWR (gross vehicle weight rating), offer improved visibility, and are favored by most drivers who have experience with these bus types.

Conventional buses, on the other hand, are less expensive (which can be beneficial), are easier to work on, are more readily available in most areas, and remain quite popular, even as many districts switch to transit-style buses. You might be able to secure either type of bus at a competitive price depending on the make, model, and model year.

Sidebar:

You might be wondering: Can I just buy an older motorhome and renovate it instead of doing a school bus conversion?

You can absolutely do that! But, it’s likely to cost a lot more to purchase a motorhome that you’ll just end up gutting completely.

A school bus is a much more affordable base cost, and you’re not paying for unnecessary parts that you'll remove. While you may still need to remove seats and other components in a school bus, you'll save money overall.

A school bus is also much safer on the road. Since they are designed to transport children daily, they are built with safety features. The roll cage and steel structure are superior compared to the lightweight materials commonly used in traditional RVs.

One significant advantage of renovating an RV instead of a school bus is the potential for slide-outs that can provide additional space. It is possible to add slide-outs to a skoolie conversion, but it requires extensive skills and fabrication. If you’re planning to do the build yourself, ensure you have advanced capabilities. If you hire a builder for your skoolie conversion, be prepared for substantial costs. (Please don’t hate me for using that expression. I didn’t like it either, but it just felt right.) But honestly, adding slide-outs to a skoolie is incredibly expensive and labor-intensive.

Looking for an Easy Way to Design Your Skoolie Layout?

Use the most DIY-friendly layout design software, Vanspace 3D. It's straightforward to build and design your own skoolie and van conversion layouts with an intuitive drag-and-drop interface.

What Size of School Bus is Best for a Conversion?

There appear to be countless bus options with varying engines, configurations, lengths, and body styles. Below, I will cover the main ones discussed in forums and those we've converted ourselves.

Ultimately, selecting the best size of a school bus for conversion is a personal decision. Additionally, it's one of the best ways to travel safely!

We will provide you with a list of questions to ask yourself to help determine the ideal bus size for your needs.

Short Bus vs. Mid-Size vs. Full-Size Buses.

How can you tell the difference?

Think about it in terms of overall length, bumper to bumper:

• 20-25 feet = short bus
• 25-35 feet = mid-size
• 35-40 feet = full-length

A useful rule of thumb for determining the interior, convertible, usable space is:

Bumper-to-bumper length minus 5 feet = interior space from the driver's seat to the rear wall.

So, a 40-foot bumper-to-bumper bus would provide approximately 35 feet of convertible living space for you to work with.

This isn’t exact, but it gives a general idea to help gauge if you’re in the ballpark. Of course, taking physical measurements of any bus you’re considering is always a good idea. However, if you wish to start experimenting with layouts beforehand, this rule of thumb is helpful.

Keep in mind - the longer your bus, the fewer places you will find to service it mechanically.

Essentially, if your skoolie exceeds 25 feet, it most likely won’t fit into a standard mechanic’s garage, so you will need a larger diesel shop for repairs. This shouldn’t frighten you, as most cities have reputable diesel and truck shops.

We will address engines and transmissions, as well as maintenance, later in this article.

This leads us to a set of considerations.

Things to Consider When Buying a Bus and Building Your Skoolie Layout.

It has been mentioned several times in this blog, but we highly recommend using Vanspace 3D for all DIY enthusiasts to build their layout. Most people underestimate the intangible costs of not planning and preparing your layout before starting your build. This can ultimately cost you thousands in time and money.

Utilize the DIY-friendly layout design software, Vanspace 3D. It's incredibly easy to build and design your own skoolie and van conversion layouts with an intuitive drag-and-drop interface.

Your layout will also depend on your lifestyle. Your daily activities can significantly impact your required available space and layout.

When planning your skoolie layout, ensure everything can serve multiple functions.

Our first bus, Judy, was a 38-foot Bluebird. Since Steven was living in it full-time, the extra space was essential for creating a cohesive flow of functional living areas. It’s crucial to reflect on what you NEED to feel comfortable while leading this lifestyle.

Taking a critical approach to what you require will aid in developing your layout, which I’ll likely write a separate blog about if that would help. Let me know in the comments!

How Many Items Do You Need and How Much Space is Required to Be Comfortable & Happy?

This is likely the most significant factor when determining your skoolie's size.

Gandhi had a profound insight:

Key space users in a skoolie are:

• Large kitchens.
• Showers and composting toilets.
• Full-size beds (queen, king, bunk beds, etc.).
• Couches, dinettes, and additional seating options.
• Wood-burning stoves (they need space for safety precautions).
• Washing machines/dryers.
• Ovens and multi-burner stoves.
• Additional drawers or closets.
• Entertainment areas.
• Extra appliances, like a larger fridge.

This likely represents the most significant consideration when determining your skoolie's size. Gandhi said it best:

• Do you need all of these items or just some to live your daily life happily and exactly as you wish?

Do You Need a Workspace Every Day?

As working from home becomes the new norm and an objective for many skoolie occupants, you will likely require a designated area to sit down to eat, work, and relax.

Two of our favorite additions to custom builds are multifunctional couches and dinettes.

These two essential pieces can serve as a workspace, storage area, and additional sleeping space.

If you’re undertaking a DIY conversion, keep in mind that your layout and furniture should always be designed for versatility. This is a essential strategy for maximizing space in tiny homes.

How Much Kitchen Space Do You Need?

With limited space, you must utilize upper and lower storage, as well as walls, to hold items such as knives or spices in your skoolie kitchen.

Such considerations will help you fit more items in less space, potentially reducing the required size of your school bus.

Do You Work Out Every Day and Use a Gym Shower?

If so, you might not need to allocate space for a shower in your bus. This could also mean you won’t have to worry about additional tanks or plumbing runs. More plumbing means additional insulation and heating efforts.

If you can forego a shower, this could save you space and money.

Pets, Partners & Traveling Pals.

Do you travel with pets, and are they content in smaller spaces, or will you both require some extra room to move around?

The same applies to partners! Do you both work remotely? Will you need separate workspaces to avoid being side-by-side 24/7?

How many extra seating and sleeping arrangements do you need? Are you a solo traveler? Do you have children? Will you be traveling with a partner who needs a co-pilot seat? These factors may require a larger bus size or lead to layout modifications.

What Do You Do for Entertainment?

If your goal is to keep your skoolie as compact as possible, consider replacing a full-sized TV with an iPad or utilizing your laptop to eliminate the need for a complete entertainment system. Opt for a Kindle instead of a full bookshelf where possible. Such adjustments can make a notable difference. If you choose a larger bus conversion, you can accommodate an entertainment area for hosting during rainy days.

How Mobile Do You Need to Be?

Is parking a priority? Are you concerned about fuel efficiency?

Where you plan to stay, park, or drive extensively are crucial considerations when selecting your skoolie size.

It’s clear that the smaller the bus, the easier it will be to navigate tight spaces and find parking spots. Regardless of your skoolie size, you will become comfortable driving it wherever you go.

For the initial days, you might feel out of your element:

If you’re living around a major city where frequent commuting is necessary, or if you’ll require parking often, a shorter bus would likely be a better fit.

On the other hand, if your skoolie will be your permanent residence, consider obtaining an economical commuter vehicle so you:

• Don’t need to relocate a large bus every time you have errands.
• Can opt for a larger bus since parking concerns are less significant.
• Will spend much less on fuel.

How Much Rooftop Space Do You Need?

This is a frequently overlooked factor when contemplating layouts, and there are various ways to consider it.

This reason is significant, as many components will occupy valuable rooftop space, restricting areas for other items. This could dictate the size of bus you’ll need or where you arrange items within your layout.

• How large of a solar system do you need? (I.e., what are your main power requirements and how are you planning to charge your batteries?) The more solar panels you need, the more rooftop space required.
• Are you planning to install an air conditioning unit or multiple Maxxair Fans?
• Is a rooftop deck non-negotiable?
• Will you need additional storage or space for toys on the roof?

As you can imagine, these considerations will influence the placement of other components. It's just another aspect to keep in mind during planning your layout and design when considering bus size.

Looking for an Easy Way to Design Your Skoolie Layout?

Use the most DIY-friendly layout design software, Vanspace 3D. It's incredibly easy to build and design your own skoolie and van conversion layouts with an intuitive drag-and-drop interface.

What Kind of Gas Mileage Does a School Bus Get?

This is a vital question and a concern for many newcomers. To be straightforward, you’re not purchasing a school bus for its gas mileage. Similar to any large RV, they consume diesel fuel. These units can weigh over 30,000 lbs and stretch to 40 feet long. Additionally, some bus dwellers raise their roofs to increase drag or add rooftop decks and other features.

It turns out that some math from school might come in handy!

If you seek to evaluate your school bus's fuel economy, we have assistance from the manufacturer.

Here’s an example of how to calculate your skoolie's fuel economy based on data from Thomas:

Step 1 - Determine your fuel economy:

• Divide the number of gallons used by the mileage obtained.

For example:

510 miles driven / 60 gallons used = 8.5 miles per gallon fuel economy.

Step 2 - Calculate total fuel costs:

1. Take your total mileage and divide by your fuel economy. This can also be calculated over a specific timeframe, such as a year, to get a clearer picture of long-term expenses.
2. Multiply the number of gallons needed each year by the total cost per gallon of fuel to obtain an approximate cost.

Thomas Built Buses Saf-T-Liner C2 Example:

1. 12,000 miles driven annually / 8.5 miles per gallon = 1,410 gallons of fuel required per year.
2. 1,410 gallons x $3.07 per gallon* = $4,328.70

*national average in the USA on 3/6/19

That amounts to considerable driving!

So how many miles per gallon is YOUR skoolie likely to achieve? This is a challenging question to answer precisely because it varies based on numerous factors, such as:

1. The weight of your skoolie
2. The type of engine and transmission installed in your bus
3. Gear ratio (most school buses are tuned for city driving, but this can be adjusted)
4. Height of your bus and what you have installed on the roof

On average, your school bus conversion will likely achieve between 7-10 MPG if equipped with a diesel engine and during highway travel.

tenglong provides professional and reliable service.

If you have a short to mid-sized school bus and you regear the vehicle for highway speeds or reduce RPMs, you might see 10+ MPG (generally, 10-12 MPG is what we've observed based on our research).

Remember, you are in a large RV, and fuel mileage shouldn’t be your primary concern here. Even with a traditional 30-40 foot motorhome, fuel efficiency remains limited. The benefit of building a skoolie is the enhanced safety, customizability, and affordability compared to traditional RVs.

Although fuel efficiency may not be the main focus, it is still worth considering.

Here are a few strategies for improving fuel economy in your school bus conversion:

1. Consult with your local mechanic about changing the gear ratio in your transmission to optimize for highway travel rather than city driving.
2. Remember that speed isn’t essential; you don’t need to race ahead by accelerating hard. Higher RPMs and speeds will decrease MPG.
3. Consider the weight of your skoolie. If you're traveling to a destination where you know you can fill up on water, don’t fill your tanks before departure; it just adds unnecessary weight.
4. Roof raises, rooftop decks, and other rooftop equipment reduce aerodynamics. When constructing a deck or solar rack, think about adding a furring strip at the front to minimize drag.
5. Ensure you buy a diesel-fueled bus, as it typically provides greater efficiency. You can find more information about this from Thomas in the corresponding chart below:

 As illustrated, even though clean-diesel fuel is more expensive than gasoline per gallon, it outperforms other fuel types in terms of operating range and overall costs due to its efficiency.

Generally, larger engines, like the new Detroit charter engines, offer even greater fuel efficiency.

Multiple factors influence fuel economy, and these are just a few ways to improve it. If you have additional suggestions we haven’t covered, please share in the comments!

In Conclusion

As you can observe, the bigger the skoolie, the more space for activities; however, there are pros and cons to opting for a larger or smaller conversion.

I believe it’s evident what I’m getting at. I might also be inspired to write an entire blog discussing layouts. Would this be beneficial for you? Let me know in the comments below!

What's the Best School Bus Engine & Transmission?

Whether you’re perusing skoolie forums conducting research or browsing a marketplace for used buses, you will encounter several different engine and transmission options.

There are many opinions from individuals having both positive and unfavorable experiences with each brand, so we aim to provide as much objective information as possible.

The most common types of skoolie engines you will find include:

1. Cummins (5.9L, 6.7L, and 8.3L)

2. DT (360 or 466)

3. CAT C7

A selection of relatively smaller engines is commonly found in shorter buses. The engines and transmissions in school buses are quite varied, so I’ll only cover the most notable ones we encounter. However, if you’d prefer we elaborate on a specific aspect, please let us know in the comments!

The most common transmission you’ll come across is an Allison automatic transmission.

Comparison of School Bus Engines:

International Navistar

Cummins

Caterpillar (CAT)

Engine:

MaxxForce DT (DT466)

5.9L Cummins 24 valve (upgraded to 6.7L in the past)

CAT C7 (discontinued)

Displacement:

7.6L, 466 cubic inches

5.9L, 359 cubic inches

7.2L

Block:

Cast iron, wet sleeve, inline 6

Cast iron

Cast iron

Compression Ratio:

1-5-3-6-2-4

1-5-3-6-2-4

16:2:1

Horsepower:

Up to 300 hp @ 2,200 rpm

235 - 325 HP @ 2,900 rpm

Up to 300 hp @ unspecified rpm

Torque:

Up to 860 lb-ft @ 1,300 rpm

460 - 610 lb-ft @ 1,600 rpm

Up to 925 lbs-ft of torque @ unspecified rpm

Injection:

Direct injection

Before - : Mechanical injection pump

Before - : HEUI injection system

After - present: Generation 2 HEUI injection system

Direct injection

Before - : Electronically controlled Bosch VP44 rotary injection pump

After - : Bosch high-pressure common rail injection

Direct injection

HEUI injection system

B50 Engine Life:

550,000 miles

350,000 miles

450,000 miles

Sources: Dieselhub (DT466), Cumminshub (5.9L),

Note: B10 refers to the average life expectancy of an engine measured in miles, where 10% of the produced engines failed and required significant repairs. Consequently, B50 marks the average miles at which 50% of the engines failed. -capital reman exchange

Note: in newer buses, DT466 engines are no longer found; the name was retired, and it has been rebranded to Maxxforce DT.

The 5.9L Cummins was phased out in favor of the more environmentally friendly 6.7L Cummins.

As seen in the Louvre 'Horsepower' - If this isn’t art, what is?

Continued Comparison of School Bus Engines:

The International DT466 has been utilized in various applications beyond just school buses and has been produced for over 25 years. Its nickname, The Legend, was given by users in the field even before Navistar marketed it as such. This engine has undoubtedly established its reputation. When the 300 and 400 series DT466 engines were introduced, they became the right engine at the right time, incorporating the right technology and a solid base for expansion in subsequent years. Hence, it remains highly regarded today and continues to be widely used.

The Cummins 5.9L is also one of the most prevalent diesel engines on the market. One crucial factor to be vigilant about is the #53 Block engines, as they are known to crack, which can result in costly repairs. With numerous mechanics and aftermarket replacements available, it is an engine that can serve you well for a long time with proper maintenance. School buses manufactured after 2010 generally come equipped with the newer, environmentally friendly 6.7L Cummins. You can find specifics on the 6.7L Cummins here, as it features changes such as increased HP and torque, among other improvements.

Although the smaller CAT engines have not been as favorably received by buyers, the C7 and others have similar configurations in most respects. The C7 shares the same fuel system as the new DT466s, known as the HEUI injector. Unlike the DT466, the CAT C7 didn’t fully achieve the hype it initially garnered when it was prematurely dubbed the golden child. CAT ceased production of the C7 in 2011, so as we advance through the years, sourcing parts may become increasingly challenging. Notwithstanding, we’ve successfully converted and encountered many skoolies equipped with CAT engines that endure for years with appropriate care.

According to Diesel Hub, having a wet cylinder sleeve design, like that of the DT466, can reduce downtime and mitigate repair costs. Although this may not resonate with you and certainly doesn’t for me (as I’m certainly not a mechanic), this information is crucial. It implies that an engine overhaul can be conducted without necessitating the removal of the engine from the chassis—which IS significantly more cost-effective!

All of these engines enjoy strong reputations and find wide use in the skoolie community. They perform well when properly maintained and are manageable at most reputable heavy-duty mechanic centers.

As with anything, each comes with its advantages and downsides along with both good and bad experiences. Ultimately, do your own due diligence and ensure that a thorough inspection is conducted and that you take your skoolie for a test drive before finalizing any purchases. With proper diligence and maintenance, your skoolie stands an excellent chance of remaining healthy on the road for an extended period!

Notes on Charter Bus Engines:

Detroit Engine (for Coach Bus Conversions)

The Detroit Diesel 60 series engines are cared for as Mile Million Engines—a moniker stemming from their B50 ratings (previously discussed), which indicates that 50% of these engines require an overhaul at this mile marker—1,000,000 miles. These engines are already optimized and fine-tuned for highway travel and extended distances.

Some additional advantages of converting a charter bus into your skoolie, is that the overhead compartments are typically straight across, allowing individuals below 6’2” to stand throughout the entire width of the bus.

Another remarkable aspect about these charter conversions is the vast amount of cargo storage and space for systems that the chassis accommodates. There is ample room in the underbelly areas, potentially allowing for another mini man cave below one of them. Honestly, Frodo may even find himself there at this very moment, hitching a ride back to the shire!

Moreover, many of these coach buses, especially older MCI models, are constructed using non-corrosive materials like stainless steel/aluminum while some of the Prevost buses utilize fiberglass. Therefore, rust issues are negligible!

However, feedback from our local heavy-duty mechanics indicates that in certain areas (predominantly in smaller towns), some facilities no longer service these larger engines. While they likely can’t fix them or examine the units, one of our local mechanics lacks the diagnostic equipment for servicing Detroit engines, primarily because it is uncommon.

Furthermore, driving these substantial machines requires a separate license in addition to obtaining an air brake endorsement for typical skoolies. These mammoth rigs come equipped with dual axles necessitating a different test for certification to operate them. While this may seem daunting, it should pose no challenge if you’re comfortable maneuvering a 45-foot vehicle; the test itself is trivial.

How Much Can You Buy a Used School Bus For?

Acquiring a used bus can range from $2,500 to $7,500 USD. Prices can greatly fluctuate based on the condition and specifications of the bus, with newer models potentially starting at $50,000.

We advise our clients to focus on buses starting in the $7,500 range, as they offer a stronger basis for an expensive conversion. Many of our clients intend to live in their conversions full-time; hence, their bus needs to be durable over an extended duration.

Some used buses in excellent condition with solid specifications can easily reach the $20,000-$25,000 mark.

Ultimately, the decision comes down to several personal factors; much of what is discussed throughout this guide. If you’re open to getting your hands dirty, have no timeline constraints, and plan on doing all of the labor yourself, a bargain $2,500 bus could transform into an impressive new rig once all issues are addressed. Nonetheless, it is essential to note that cheaper buses often harbor significant rust or mechanical issues.

If you plan to invest substantial time, love, money, and effort into converting this bus into a full-time residence, it likely is worth spending a bit more upfront on a durable chassis.

As a rule, you typically get what you pay for.

Thus, spending a bit extra on the foundational vehicle could save you considerable hassle in the long run.

For instance, we once had a visually appealing new-looking bus come in, but it had severe rust damage consuming the underbelly compartment. Even touching it caused the already fragile rusted metal to crumble. We had to go beneath, grind away the compromised material, and fabricate a new framework. Nonetheless, we managed to catch the issue before it deteriorated to the point of causing complications in other areas. This highlights that even attractive buses can harbor problematic regions!

The lower part of the photo used to be a steel square tubing structure. Notice how the top portion crumbled to the floor the instant we touched it.

Where Can I Buy a Used School Bus?

10 Places to Purchase Affordable School Buses for Skoolie Conversions:

1. Check with your local school districts or city.
2. Craigslist or Kijiji (Canada's Craigslist).
3. Facebook Marketplace.
4. NWbus.com
5. Tillerybus.com
6. Lasvegasbussales.com
7. Midwesttransit.com
8. Mascus.com
9. Skoolie.net - forums.
10. RV-Skoolie-Motorhome Buy/Sell/Trade - Facebook group.

There are many other Facebook skoolie groups; this one is simply among the most popular we have noticed.

It’s essential to note: DO NOT purchase a bus from an auction. You literally lack knowledge about the product you’re bidding on. Most auctions do not afford you the opportunity to inspect the bus beforehand. Thus, you miss out on checking for rust, conducting a test drive, or asking any questions we will detail below.

Please save yourself the time, effort, and money by searching for buses that do not appear at the highest bidding auction block. You may find a gem, but you could also end up with a complete lemon, and there won't be recourse!

I’m not implying that private sales won’t yield issues; you can experience difficulties with brand-new vehicles as well. However, your chances of success are enhanced by seeking out a bus that is not being auctioned off. Such buses are often sold where they cannot find a buyer elsewhere.

With the list of mentioned sites and sources, you are more than capable of spotting a good bus that you can examine, inspect, and take for a test drive before making this major decision.

If you're looking for a school bus conversion company to create your rig, you're in the right place. Contact us, and we can assist in procuring a vehicle for you after a deposit is made, should you decide to convert with Paved To Pines!

Skoolie Maintenance Costs.

You might be asking: how much does it cost to maintain a school bus conversion while living in it full-time? The answer is somewhat unclear and varies from vehicle to vehicle. Like the cars you’ve owned, some vintage models might last for years without issues, while you could purchase a new one that could pose constant troubles. Some cars are simply lemons.

Initially, when looking to buy or assess a bus, search online for its operational manual. You know—similar to what you receive with your car that explains all maintenance times and what those blinking lights mean.

Locating the school bus manual is an excellent way to stay on top of your skoolie’s mechanical upkeep and ensure that it operates properly.

You will discover numerous aspects within your bus’s operational manual that you might not consider, such as horsepower, torque, RPM parameters, and recommendations for oil and air filter replacements, among others.

Routine School Bus Maintenance Tasks:

• regularly check your oil and air filters.
• replace oil and air filters at intervals recommended in the bus manual (generally every 5,000-8,000 KMs).
• verify levels of power steering, coolant, and transmission fluid.
• inspect tires and tire walls as well as their pressure.
• examine belts to ensure they show no cracks or rips.
• confirm that hose clamps and all lines are secure.

For a more detailed skoolie maintenance list, go here!

Some less common annual skoolie maintenance tasks you should regularly check include:

• Inspect body line/roof seals and rivets to ensure none show signs of rust. You can also paint over your roof with Henry’s Rubberized Paint to provide a complete seal.
• Check skoolie window caulking and seals.
• Resolve paint chips or any other body damage to prevent rust or further complications.

You might find this advice helpful in your quest for skoolie maintenance, but any previous advice still applies.

Checklist for Buying a Used School Bus for a Skoolie:

Low Mileage

150,000-200,000km is ideal. The lower the mileage, the better, obviously. These heavy-duty school bus diesel engines can last indefinitely if cared for properly. It shouldn’t go without saying that maintenance will be necessary, just like any vehicle. Still, if you prioritize regular upkeep, your bus will serve you well for a long time.

Obtaining maintenance records from the seller is even more advantageous. Most, if not all, school districts, activity buses, mining buses, coaches, etc., are required to maintain thorough logs. This implies two key advantages:

1. The vehicle SHOULD have been properly maintained
2. You can view detailed records indicating any extensive repairs that may need addressing.

It’s akin to a 23 & Me DNA test for your bus.

No Rust

This is self-evident. Rust signifies a serious detriment to any metal component.

However, not all rust types are equal.

Surface rust can be treatable using a grinder and protective coating (like rustoleum or rust check) before re-sealing/painting over it. Treating surface rust on the floor of your bus is common. Older units are often not sealed efficiently, allowing moisture to seep in beneath the floorboards. Therefore, addressing any surface rust should take precedence before pursuing any other modifications.

If you notice extensive pitted rust underneath, in the undercarriage, or on side skirts, it is prudent to continue your search elsewhere; plenty of suitable options exist.

While inspecting the chassis, examine the U-joints and axles closely. Get down and thoroughly assess the underside before proceeding with a purchase.

This aspect is crucial; even if the price seems like a steal, you are likely to regret the decision the moment more rust and related issues rear their heads, sinking your time and money during the conversion phase.

Trust me, it’s best to move on.

High Roof So You Can Stand Up (Unless You're Planning for a Roof Raise)

Otherwise, you might end up developing a hunchback. The newer buses offer a higher standing height, which typically hovers around 6’5” down the middle. Some older buses are limited to roughly 5’5” in height along this axis. If you are 5’3” or taller, standing comfortably in a shorter bus becomes impossible. Remember to account for any subfloor (typically ¾”), insulation or studs (1.5”), and roof thickness (about ¾” if you’re using tongue and groove wood).

SO unless you’re planning a roof raise, seek out a tall-roof school bus for your skoolie conversion. Even then, it may get tight unless you choose a high-roof bus.

NEVER Buy Your Used School Bus at Auction

Buses often reach auctions mainly because they could not sell elsewhere. Additionally, you’re purchasing something you can’t inspect, test drive, or evaluate questions about beforehand. This approach is fundamentally flawed, and I haven’t encountered anyone who successfully purchased a bus at auction. If you’re among those who did, please share your experiences in the comments!

Check the Engine Bay

Regardless of your mechanical knowledge, inspect the engine bay and ensure it shows no significant oil or antifreeze leaks or other red flags.

1. Check your oil quality.
2. Ensure there are sufficient antifreeze and coolant levels.
3. Inspect all hoses to ensure their clamps/hoses are in satisfactory condition.
4. Examine all belts for wear.
5. Determine whether any leaks or spills emanate from “under the hood.”

Check the Transmission

During your skoolie test drive, refrain from blasting AC/DC or your favorite Bieber tunes. Pay attention to the vehicle’s sounds. Do you detect any ticks or grinding while shifting gears?

1. Does the bus shift gears smoothly?
2. If it’s a standard transmission (a stick shift), how does the clutch engage? Is it smooth when finding gears?
3. Put the bus in reverse during your test drive to confirm it moves seamlessly.

Don't Just Kick the Tires

Don’t simply “kick the tires” and assume the sound reveals their life expectancy. Examine the tire walls for cracks, wear, and tear. Ensure that no bulges or patch jobs are present along the edges of the tires.

1. Listen for leakage to determine whether the seller has simply filled a tire with a slow leak before your arrival.
2. Bus tires can be costly to replace, so, if new tires are necessary, leverage this insight during price negotiations.
3. Check tread depth to ensure there is adequate remaining life.

• Your front tires should maintain a tread depth of 4/32 in three separate wheel regions.
• Your back tires must exhibit 2/32 tread minimum.

Other Notable Points to Check

1. Batteries - ensure no corrosion. Review whether your bus displays battery voltage on the dashboard; it should register at 12.5V when off and 14V while running. (Values exceeding this range may indicate issues, while values lower than 12V could signal problems.)
2. Watch the exhaust upon startup and during drives. If the bus has been running for a while and the exhaust appears anything but transparent, it signals potential repairs and unwanted expenses.
3. Test all dashboard buttons/switches to ensure functionalityof fans, A/C, heat, etc.
4. Confirm that the title is clean and there are no liens on the vehicle.
5. Idling RPMs should fall within the parameters established in your bus maintenance manual.

Always Get Your Bus Inspected Before You Buy It

This rule applies to ANY vehicle, not just your skoolie. Treat it like a home inspection; don’t hesitate to ask plenty of questions. This advice rings especially true if you can't physically access the bus. Nevertheless, you should always aim to inspect prior to making a move.

This represents a crucial step and a prerequisite before purchasing anything. Engage a reliable heavy-duty mechanic located nearby and insist that the seller drive the bus there for a thorough inspection. If they resist allowing you to purchase pending successful inspection outcomes, red flags should arise.

The inspection will provide valuable insights into your skoolie’s condition, potentially saving you significant time and cash down the road. This applies to various factors, including the remaining tread life of the tires. New tires for a school bus don’t come cheap. Yet, if everything else appears well-maintained, you might negotiate accordingly.

While the inspection won’t uncover every issue, given that the mechanics don’t drive the bus or check every seal and hose, they will provide valuable information about the main components, lights, etc. Ultimately, this could prevent you from suffering headaches in the future.

Ask Many Questions - Even if They May Seem Stupid

This may sound trivial but it’s always worth reiterating. Pose inquiries about the vehicle, such as:

1. Why are you selling the bus?
2. How long have you owned the bus?
3. Do you have maintenance records available?
4. Was the bus regularly serviced and maintained?
5. Has this bus been stored indoors or outdoors?
6. Has the bus encountered any significant mechanical problems that have since been resolved?
7. Has the bus been involved in any accidents?
8. Have the engine and transmission experienced any concerns? If so, have they been replaced or repaired?
9. Did you attempt any thrilling jumps?

In Conclusion...

1. Conduct your due diligence on the bus make, model, engine, transmission, and size before proceeding to check it out.
2. Once you do inspect it, refer back to the checklist we provided. You may also obtain our free downloadable checklist located at the bottom of this page.
3. If it checks all the necessary boxes (or most pass with only minor repairs needed), you can initiate negotiations.
4. Negotiate the sale price and have the bus inspected by a trustworthy heavy-duty mechanic.
5. Provided that the school bus successfully passes its inspection, you've just taken the first significant step in your skoolie conversion!
6. Celebrate!

Have Questions About Skoolies or Van Conversions?

Leave a comment below! Share details about your DIY skoolie building journey or inform us if you believe we have overlooked any crucial information concerning the purchase of a used school bus.

Contact us if you are interested in having your custom school bus conversion built. Our team collaborates with clients across North America.

If you wish to receive more insightful information about conversions, please check our YouTube channel!

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