Understanding Hydraulic Hose Standards: Key Guidelines

Key Hydraulic Hose Standards

SAE Standards

The Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) is a global association of engineers and related technical experts in the aerospace, automotive, and commercial-vehicle industries. SAE develops standards that ensure quality, safety, and efficiency in these industries, including hydraulic hoses.

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SAE J517 100R1AT

Structure

The SAE J517 100R1AT hydraulic hose features a robust construction with a single layer of high-tensile steel wire braid. This steel braid is embedded within layers of synthetic rubber, creating a durable and flexible structure that is ideal for various hydraulic applications. The inner tube is made from oil-resistant synthetic rubber, ensuring compatibility with a wide range of hydraulic fluids. The outer cover, also made from synthetic rubber, is engineered to resist abrasion, weather, and environmental conditions, providing additional protection and longevity.

Working Pressure

The 100R1AT / 1SN hose is designed to handle working pressures up to 225 bar, making it suitable for medium-pressure hydraulic systems. The exact working pressure can vary depending on the hose diameter, with smaller diameters generally able to withstand higher pressures.

Temperature Range

This hydraulic hose operates effectively within a wide temperature range of -40°C to +100°C. This flexibility makes it suitable for use in various climates and conditions, from cold winter environments to hot industrial settings.

SAE J517 100R2AT

Structure

The SAE J517 100R2AT / 2SN hydraulic hose features a double layer of high-tensile steel wire braid, providing enhanced strength and durability. This construction comprises an inner tube made from oil-resistant synthetic rubber, which ensures compatibility with a wide range of hydraulic fluids. The double steel wire braid reinforcement is embedded between layers of synthetic rubber, offering exceptional resistance to pressure and external impacts. The outer cover, also made from synthetic rubber, is designed to withstand abrasion, environmental factors, and weather conditions, thereby extending the hose’s service life.

Working Pressure

Designed to handle high-pressure hydraulic applications, the 100R2AT / 2SN hose can endure working pressures up to 400 bar. The precise pressure capacity varies with the hose diameter, with smaller diameters typically supporting higher pressures.

SAE J517 100R3

Structure

The SAE J517 100R3 hydraulic hose is constructed with a double layer of high-strength fiber braid, providing enhanced flexibility and lightweight characteristics. The inner tube is made from oil-resistant synthetic rubber, ensuring compatibility with a wide range of hydraulic fluids. The double fiber braid reinforcement is embedded within the hose, offering substantial strength and durability while maintaining excellent flexibility. The outer cover is also made from synthetic rubber.

Working Pressure

The 100R3 hose is designed to handle working pressures up to 88 bar, making it suitable for low-pressure hydraulic systems. The exact working pressure can vary depending on the hose diameter, with smaller diameters generally capable of withstanding higher pressures. This capability ensures reliable performance in applications where consistent low-pressure hydraulic oil delivery is essential.

SAE J517 100R4

Structure

The SAE J517 100R4 hose is built with a rubber inner tube, which is resistant to hydraulic fluids, ensuring compatibility with various types of hydraulic oil. This inner tube is encased in a layer of fiber braid, which provides flexibility and strength. Additionally, the hose is reinforced with a spiral wire layer, offering excellent resistance to collapsing and maintaining the hose’s shape under vacuum conditions.

Working Pressure

The 100R4 hose is capable of handling working pressures up to 28 bar, making it suitable for low-pressure or suction and return line applications. The specific working pressure can vary depending on the hose’s diameter, with smaller diameters typically capable of withstanding higher pressures. This capability ensures the hose can reliably perform in applications that require consistent low-pressure fluid transmission or suction.

SAE J517 100R5

Structure

The SAE J517 100R5 hydraulic hose is constructed with a combination of materials designed to provide durability and flexibility. The hose features an inner tube made from oil-resistant synthetic rubber, ensuring compatibility with various hydraulic fluids. This inner tube is reinforced with a single layer of high-tensile steel wire braid, which provides the hose with the strength to withstand high-pressure applications. The outer cover is made of a textile braid, offering an additional layer of protection against abrasion, environmental elements, and wear.

Working Pressure

The 100R5 hose is designed to handle working pressures up to 210 bar, making it suitable for medium to high-pressure hydraulic systems. The exact working pressure can vary depending on the hose diameter, with smaller diameters generally able to withstand higher pressures. This capability ensures reliable performance in applications where maintaining consistent hydraulic pressure is essential.

SAE J517 100R6

Structure

The SAE J517 100R6 hydraulic hose features a simple yet effective construction designed for low-pressure applications. It comprises an inner tube made from oil-resistant synthetic rubber, ensuring compatibility with a variety of hydraulic fluids. This inner tube is reinforced with a single layer of high-strength fiber braid, providing the necessary strength and flexibility for low-pressure hydraulic systems. The outer cover, also made from synthetic rubber, offers protection against abrasion, weather, and environmental factors, contributing to the hose’s durability and longevity.

Working Pressure

The 100R6 hose can handle working pressures up to 28 bar, making it suitable for low-pressure hydraulic systems. The specific working pressure can vary depending on the hose’s diameter.

SAE J517 100R7

Structure

The SAE J517 100R7 hydraulic hose is designed with advanced materials to provide excellent performance in medium-pressure applications. It features a thermoplastic inner tube that is compatible with a wide range of hydraulic fluids, ensuring fluid compatibility and system integrity. This inner tube is reinforced with a fiber braid, which enhances the hose’s strength and flexibility. The outer layer is also made from thermoplastic material.

Working Pressure

The 100R7 hose can handle working pressures up to 210 bar, making it suitable for medium-pressure hydraulic systems.

SAE J517 100R8

Structure

The SAE J517 100R8 hydraulic hose is constructed with advanced materials designed for high-pressure applications. It features a thermoplastic inner tube, which ensures compatibility with a wide range of hydraulic fluids. This inner tube is reinforced with a layer of high-strength fiber braid, providing significant strength and flexibility. The outer layer is also made of thermoplastic material.

Working Pressure

The 100R8 hose is capable of handling working pressures up to 350 bar, making it suitable for high-pressure hydraulic systems.

SAE J517 100R12

Structure

The SAE J517 100R12 hydraulic hose is designed for ultra-high-pressure applications and features a robust construction with four layers of spiral steel wire reinforcement. The inner tube is made from oil-resistant synthetic rubber, ensuring compatibility with a variety of hydraulic fluids. The four layers of high-tensile steel wire spirals provide exceptional strength and pressure resistance, making the hose suitable for extremely demanding environments. The outer cover is made from synthetic rubber.

Working Pressure

The 100R12 hose is capable of handling working pressures up to 420 bar, making it suitable for ultra-high-pressure hydraulic systems.

SAE J517 100R13

Structure

The SAE J517 100R13 hydraulic hose is constructed with multiple layers of high-tensile steel wire spirals, providing exceptional strength and durability for ultra-high-pressure applications. The inner tube is made from oil-resistant synthetic rubber, ensuring compatibility with a wide range of hydraulic fluids. The multiple steel wire spirals are embedded within the hose, offering outstanding pressure resistance and robustness.

Working Pressure

The 100R13 hose is capable of handling working pressures up to 500 bar, making it suitable for extremely high-pressure hydraulic systems.

SAE J517 100R14

Structure

The SAE J517 100R14 hydraulic hose is unique due to its construction with a PTFE (Polytetrafluoroethylene) inner tube, which offers exceptional chemical resistance and thermal stability. This inner tube is reinforced with a single or double layer of stainless steel wire braid, providing strength and flexibility. The PTFE material ensures compatibility with a wide range of hydraulic fluids and chemicals, making it ideal for specialized applications.

Working Pressure

The 100R14 hose can handle working pressures that vary widely depending on the hose diameter and construction (single or double braid), typically up to 200-400 bar. This versatility makes it suitable for medium to high-pressure hydraulic systems requiring chemical resistance and high-temperature stability.

SAE J517 100R15

Structure

The SAE J517 100R15 hydraulic hose is designed for ultra-high-pressure applications, featuring multiple layers of high-tensile steel wire spirals. The inner tube is made from oil-resistant synthetic rubber, ensuring compatibility with various hydraulic fluids. The multiple spiral layers provide exceptional pressure resistance, while the synthetic rubber outer cover protects against abrasion, weather, and environmental factors.

Working Pressure

The 100R15 hose can handle working pressures up to psi, making it suitable for the most demanding hydraulic systems.

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SAE J517 100R16

Structure

The SAE J517 100R16 hydraulic hose features a single or double layer of high-tensile steel wire braid reinforcement, providing strength and flexibility. The inner tube is made from oil-resistant synthetic rubber, ensuring compatibility with a variety of hydraulic fluids. The outer cover is made from synthetic rubber.

Working Pressure

The 100R16 hose is designed to handle medium to high working pressures, typically up to 420 bar, depending on the hose diameter.

SAE J517 100R17

Structure

The SAE J517 100R17 hydraulic hose features a compact design with a single or double layer of high-tensile steel wire braid reinforcement. The inner tube is made from oil-resistant synthetic rubber, ensuring compatibility with a wide range of hydraulic fluids. The outer cover, made from synthetic rubber, provides robust protection against abrasion, weather, and environmental elements.

Working Pressure

The 100R17 hose can handle working pressures up to 420 bar, making it suitable for high-pressure hydraulic systems. This high-pressure capability ensures reliable performance in demanding applications requiring consistent hydraulic pressure.

EN Standards

European Norm (EN) standards are widely recognized in the European market and cover a broad spectrum of hydraulic hose specifications. These standards are established by the European Committee for Standardization (CEN) and ensure that hydraulic hoses meet rigorous safety, performance, and quality requirements. Adhering to EN standards is crucial for manufacturers and users in Europe, ensuring compliance with regional regulations and achieving high levels of reliability and efficiency in hydraulic systems.

Hydraulic systems play a role in the safety and performance of machines in everyday life, from the brakes of a car to the landing gear of an airplane or the cabin of a boat.

Since it is a science that involves pressurized fluids, the components involved need to be strong and reliable to operate effectively and safely. International standards define the requirements for hydraulic systems (fittings and hydraulic hoses) to meet this requirement.

You may have seen a combination of letters in a parts list, SAE being the most common, and wondered, "What does SAE stand for in hydraulic fittings and hoses?" Let's take a look at SAE and the role it plays in hydraulic standards.

What is SAE?

Founded in , the Society of Automotive Engineers (now SAE International) is a nonprofit organization dedicated to advancing mobility for the benefit of society.

Its membership includes more than 133,000 engineers and related experts who develop technical information for a wide range of vehicles.

One of SAE's jobs is to develop voluntary global standards for the components used in these vehicles. This includes hydraulic fittingsand the hoses, pipes, and tubes that connect to them.

Definition of SAE Hose Fittings

SAE hose fittings are hydraulic connectors designed to standards set by SAE, which govern their dimensions, materials, and performance standards. These hose fittings facilitate secure connections between hydraulic components, ensuring efficient fluid transfer and system functionality.

About SAE Standards

SAE has more than 10,000 members in technical committees who develop standards used by industries around the world. These standards define hose fittings construction, pressure ratings, and dimensions, among other things.
Standards make it easier and less expensive to replace hydraulic hose fittings by maintaining dimensional consistency. They also ensure that these hose fittings will work within the pressure ranges for which they were designed in the hydraulic system.

Historical Background and Evolution of SAE Standards

The evolution of SAE hydraulic fitting and hoses standards dates back decades and has evolved with technological advances and industry needs. Originally developed to standardize hose fittings dimensions and performance, SAE standards have been continually adapted to incorporate innovations in materials, sealing technology, and manufacturing processes. This evolution reflects an ongoing effort to improve the reliability, compatibility, and safety of fittings in a variety of hydraulic applications

Key Features and Benefits of SAE Hose Fittings

SAE hose fittings offer several key features and benefits that differentiate them from other types of fittings:

Interchangeability: SAE hose fittings are designed to be interchangeable between various hydraulic systems and equipment brands, allowing for easy maintenance and component replacement.

Sealing Mechanisms: They feature reliable sealing mechanisms such as flare connections, O-ring seals, and face seals to ensure leak-free performance under high pressure conditions.

Durability: Made from rugged materials such as stainless steel, brass, or aluminum, SAE hose fittings resist corrosion, wear, and mechanical stress, resulting in increased service life and operational reliability.

Standardization: Adherence to SAE standards ensures uniformity in fitting sizes, thread types, and performance specifications, promoting compatibility and reducing assembly errors.

SAE hose fittings are widely adopted in industries such as automotive, aerospace, and manufacturing, highlighting their reliability and performance in critical hydraulic applications. Their standardized design and engineering precision contribute to efficient fluid power management, operational safety, and overall system integrity.

SAE Standard for Hydraulic Fittings and Hoses

Connectors and ports are used extensively in hydraulic systems, so when performing repairs or maintenance, you need to ensure that you are using the correct ones. Labels such as SAE J512 are classifiers of the main thread features: pitch, diameter, angle, and form. If you're unsure about a part, you'll need a caliper and pitch gauge to measure it.

You'll find two main sets of hose fittings standards - SAE J514 for hose and SAE J516 for hose. Here are some of the most common SAE fittings you might encounter during repairs.

SAE J514

This standard covers 37-degree flare and flareless type O-ring plugs and hydraulic fittings, as well as the fittings and adapter fittings used with them. These products are generally used in systems for commercial products and industrial machines.
These standards allow fittings to provide leak-proof, full-flow connections at operating pressures.

SAE J516

This standard covers the most common hose fittings used with hydraulic hoses in mobile and stationary equipment systems.
The types of hose fittings covered here include O-ring face seal, flareless 24-degree cone, four-bolt flange, straight thread O-ring, 37-degree flare, and dry seal hose threads.

SAE 45 Degree Fittings

SAE 45 degree fittings are a special type of hydraulic fitting designed to facilitate fluid connections at a 45 degree angle. SAE 45 degree fittings feature a tapered seating surface and a 45 degree flare angle. This design ensures a secure connection between the fitting and the hose, which is typically compressed against the fitting body using a flare nut. The flare angle ensures a metal-to-metal seal, enhances vibration resistance, and reduces the risk of leaks, which is critical in applications where hydraulic fluids are under pressure.

Fittings and Hoses Application Specificity

Each type of SAE fitting is tailored for a specific hydraulic application, offering unique benefits in terms of sealing efficiency, pressure resistance, and compatibility with hydraulic fluids. Engineers and designers select fittings based on operating pressure, temperature range, and environmental conditions to ensure optimal system performance and reliability. The standardized nature of SAE fittings enables interchangeability between different equipment and helps simplify procurement and maintenance processes.

Applications of SAE Fittings

SAE fittings are integral components in a wide range of applications across industries, leveraging their versatility, reliability, and standardized design to ensure efficient fluid power management and operational safety.

Hydraulic Machinery:

In hydraulic machinery, SAE fittings play a vital role in connecting hydraulic hoses, tubes, and components. They facilitate the transfer of pressurized hydraulic fluid, enabling precise control and power transmission for equipment such as excavators, loaders, and hydraulic presses.

Automotive Steering Systems:

SAE fittings are widely used in automotive steering systems to connect hydraulic lines that assist in steering control. These fittings ensure reliable transmission of hydraulic power from the steering pump to the steering pinion or rack, resulting in responsive and smooth vehicle maneuverability.

Marine Propulsion:

In marine applications, SAE fittings are used in hydraulic systems that power propulsion mechanisms, steering systems, and winches onboard vessels. These fittings withstand the corrosive effects of saltwater environments while maintaining a tight seal to prevent hydraulic fluid leaks. Their ability to withstand varying pressures and temperatures makes them ideal for offshore operations, ensuring reliable performance and operability of marine equipment in commercial shipping, offshore drilling, and naval applications.

Manufacturing:

SAE fittings support critical functions in the manufacturing process, where hydraulic systems operate machinery such as injection molding machines, CNC machining centers, and assembly lines. These accessories enable precise control of hydraulic actuators and tools, helping to increase efficiency and productivity in manufacturing operations.

Agricultural Equipment:

In the agricultural sector, SAE accessories are used in hydraulic systems that power equipment such as tractors, harvesters and irrigation systems. These accessories facilitate the operation of hydraulic cylinders, motors and valves, which are critical for tasks such as lifting, steering and controlling tools.

others SAE standard

Hydraulic fittings series
R1, R2, R5, R16, R17 "ONE & TWO WIRE"
R5, R7, R8 "TEXTILE COVER & THERMOPLASTIC"
R12, 4SP, 4SH, R13 "FOUR & SIX WIRE"
R13, R15 ""SIX WIRE psi & psi"

Hydraulic hose series
SAE 100R1 "ONE WIRE"
SAE 100R2 "TWO WIRE"
SAE 100R16 "TWO WIRE"
SAE 100R17 "ONE WIRE"
SAE 100R4 "OIL SUCTION & RETURN"
SAE 100R7 "THERMOPLASTIC"
SAE 100R8 "HIGH PRESSURE THERMOPLASTIC"
SAE 100R12 "FLEXIBLE FOUR WIRE HOSE"
High-Pressure Four-Wire Hose
SAE 100R13 "psi SIX WIRE HOSE"
SAE 100R15 "psi SIX WIRE HOSE"

Selecting the Right SAE Fittings

Selecting the right SAE fittings is critical to ensuring that hydraulic systems operate efficiently and reliably. The process involves a thorough evaluation of several key factors based on specific operating requirements and industry standards.

Factors to Consider

Pressure Rating: Evaluates the maximum operating pressure that the fitting will encounter in the hydraulic system. SAE fittings are rated for specific pressure ranges, and selecting a fitting with the appropriate pressure rating ensures safety and performance under operating conditions.

Temperature tolerance: Consider the temperature range in which the hydraulic system operates. SAE fittings are designed to withstand different temperatures, and choosing fittings that meet the system temperature requirements prevents problems such as material degradation or loss of sealing effectiveness in extreme temperature environments.

Compatibility with hydraulic fluids: Evaluate compatibility with the type of hydraulic fluid used in the system, including considering chemical compatibility and resistance to oil degradation. Different hydraulic fluids can have different characteristics, which can affect the material and sealing performance of SAE fittings, so compatibility is a key factor in ensuring long-term reliability.

Material selection: SAE fittings are available in a variety of materials, such as stainless steel, brass, and aluminum, each of which offers unique advantages in terms of strength, corrosion resistance, and compatibility with specific applications. Choosing materials that match environmental conditions and operating requirements can improve durability and performance.

Customization options: Learn about the customization options available from manufacturers to tailor fittings to specific application needs. Custom fittings may include changes in thread configurations, sizes, and sealing methods to optimize the fit and function of unique hydraulic systems.

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